COMMENTING ON THE NATO air strikes in early September, the American general who commands NATO’s forces, General George Joulwan, said: “Whether we are successful in our missions will determine the future of Europe and the NATO alliance.”1 Joulwan was not just indulging in hyperbole – his views are widely shared within the United States and Europe.2 While the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) continues its discussions about the new security model for the 21st century, the practical arrangements for the European security order are being worked out in the field in Bosnia.