by Bruce Pannier The year 1997 was not kind to Turkmenistan. The country’s leader, President Saparmurat Niyazov, continued his typical form of leadership. The lives of the Turkmen people did not improve despite Niyazov’s repeated promises that his country would become a second Kuwait thanks to its vast natural gas reserves. Human rights organizations also […]

You have reached an article for premium members. To read this article please login if you are already a TOL member. Or continue to read our content from the past month.

You can subscribe here to gain access.